Business loan settlement ek negotiated process hota hai jisme bank borrower se outstanding ka ek hissa accept karke loan account close karta hai. Ye cash-strapped MSMEs ke liye relief deta hai, lekin CIBIL report par “Settled” tag lagta hai aur creditworthiness affect hoti hai. Yahaan poora process, RBI ke 2023 rules, aur practical negotiation tips explain kiye gaye hain.
- Business loan settlement kya hota hai?
- Bank settlement kab offer karta hai?
- Business loan settlement process step-by-step
- RBI ka compromise-settlement framework
- CIBIL par iska kya effect padta hai?
- MSME borrowers ke liye negotiation tips
- Settlement ke alternatives
- FAQs
1) Business loan settlement kya hota hai?
Business loan settlement ek compromise agreement hai jisme bank borrower se ek reduced lump-sum payment accept karta hai aur baaki outstanding waive kar deta hai.
👉 Example: Agar aapka total due ₹25 lakh hai, to bank ₹17 lakh accept karke account “Settled” mark kar sakta hai.
Ye option tab diya jata hai jab borrower genuine financial distress face kar raha ho — jaise business closure, heavy loss, delayed receivables, ya natural calamity impact.
2) Bank settlement kab offer karta hai?
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Jab loan 90+ days overdue ho (NPA declare ho chuka ho).
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Jab cash flow aur business viability weak lagti hai.
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Jab legal recovery (SARFAESI, DRT) se cost/time zyada hai.
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Jab borrower genuine hardship ke proofs deta hai (financial statements, loss certificates).
3) Business loan settlement process step-by-step
Step 1: Settlement request file karein
Bank ko likhit request bhejein jisme aap apni hardship explain karein (loss, receivable delay, closure proof).
Step 2: Bank evaluation
Bank aapke account ka total exposure (principal + interest + penalties) calculate karta hai aur recovery prospects assess karta hai.
Step 3: Negotiation phase
Aap waiver ke liye request kar sakte hain, especially on penal/late charges.
👉 Lump-sum offer par banks generally zyada discount dete hain.
Step 4: Settlement sanction letter
Approved hone ke baad bank likhit letter deta hai jisme likha hota hai:
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Final settlement amount
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Payment deadline(s)
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Waiver details
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Condition: account closure on full payment
Step 5: Payment & closure
Aap payment bank ke official channel se karte hain (NEFT/RTGS/DD). Payment ke baad aapko No Dues Certificate (NOC) milta hai.
Step 6: Credit-bureau update
Account CIBIL me “Settled” tag ke sath report hota hai.
4) RBI ka compromise-settlement framework
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RBI ne June me Framework for Compromise Settlements & Technical Write-offs issue kiya.
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Banks/NBFCs apni board-approved policy ke under settlement kar sakte hain.
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Settlement ke baad borrower par minimum 12 months cooling period hota hai usi bank/NBFC se new credit lene ke liye.
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Fraud ya wilful defaulter borrowers ke liye OTS allowed nahi hai.
5) CIBIL par iska kya effect padta hai?
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“Settled” status ek negative marker hota hai.
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Score 75 – 150 points tak gir sakta hai.
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Ye remark 7 saal tak credit report me dikhai deta hai.
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Future me working-capital loans, overdraft limits, ya credit-card approvals mushkil ho jaate hain.
6) MSME borrowers ke liye negotiation tips
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Financial proof ready rakhein: audited balance sheet, GST returns, loss statement.
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Penalty & interest waiver pe focus karein.
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Lump-sum payment propose karein — banks quick recovery prefer karte hain.
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Sab kuch written me lein: sanction letter, receipts, NOC.
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SARFAESI stage me — settlement propose karte waqt 13(2) notice ke 60-day period ka use karein.
7) Settlement ke alternatives
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Restructuring: RBI ke MSME restructuring scheme ke tahat tenure/EMI modify karwana.
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Moratorium: temporary payment relief.
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Voluntary sale: asset khud bechkar dues clear karna instead of bank auction.
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Debt counselling: repayment plan banwana without CIBIL impact.
8) FAQs
Q1: Kya business loan settlement legal hai?
Haan. RBI ke framework ke under banks settlement kar sakte hain, lekin ye unka internal policy decision hota hai.
Q2: Kya settlement ke baad business phir se loan le sakta hai?
Cooling-period ke baad possible hai, lekin approval tough aur interest rate high hota hai.
Q3: Kya settlement CIBIL score improve karega?
Nahi. Settlement se score girta hai; improvement tab hota hai jab aap next 2–3 saal flawless repayment maintain karein.
Q4: Kya SARFAESI notice ke baad bhi settlement possible hai?
Haan. Jab tak property auction finalize nahi hoti, aap settlement proposal de sakte hain.
